TL432

TL432 is a three-terminal adjustable shunt regulator, often called a programmable precision reference (comparable to TL431). It contains a 2.495 V reference and an internal error amplifier that sinks current from the cathode to regulate the output voltage via an external divider.
How it works:
- Anode to ground, Cathode to the regulated node, REF pin tied to a resistor divider from Vout to ground.
- The device holds the REF pin at ~2.495 V, so Vout is set by the divider: Vout ≈ Vref(1 + Rtop/Rbottom) + Iref·Rtop.
Typical uses:
- As the feedback/reference element in linear or switching regulators.
- As a programmable Zener/voltage reference in power supplies or LED drivers.
Quick notes:
- Vref ≈ 2.495 V; min cathode current ~1 mA to maintain regulation; max cathode current ~100–150 mA.
- Works over a wide input range (up to tens of volts, depending on part). Accuracy ~±1% at 25°C for many variants.

TL432 is a three-terminal programmable shunt regulator (similar to TL431) with a fixed reference and external divider for the output.
Key features:
- Reference: fixed around 2.495 V
- Output set by external resistor divider between Vout and REF
- Three pins: Anode, Cathode, Reference
- Used as precise reference or as the error-amplifier in linear regulators
- Wide output voltage range limited by supply and divider; adjustable up to the supply voltage
- Shunt-regulator current typically from a few mA up to about 100 mA (continuous operation within Iout rating)
- Good line and load regulation; low dynamic impedance
- Temperature stability suitable for precision references
- Available in multiple packages (e.g., TO-92, SOT-23)
- Protected by current limit and thermal shutdown
Applications: precision voltage reference, post-regulation reference in DC-DC or linear regulators, battery chargers, and voltage-regulation circuits where a stable reference is needed.

- Pin count: 3 pins.
- Function: Adjustable precision shunt regulator (programmable zener). It contains a 2.495 V reference between REF and ANODE; via an external resistor divider from the output to REF, it sinks current at the CATHODE to regulate the output voltage. Pinout: CATHODE, ANODE, REF.

- Manufacturer: Texas Instruments (TI).
- What kind of company: An American multinational semiconductor company that designs and manufactures analog and digital integrated circuits and related products; one of the world's largest semiconductor makers.

TL432 is a programmable shunt regulator available in multiple packages, including through-hole TO-92 and surface-mount types such as SOT-23 (SC-70-3); some variants may also come in SOT-223.